Maapplication, mabhuku, mafirimu, mimhanzi, zvirongwa zveTV, uye hunyanzvi zviri kukurudzira vamwe vedu vevanhu vakanyanya kugadzira mubhizinesi mwedzi uno.
Chikwata chinohwina mubairo chevatapi venhau, vagadziri, uye vatori vevhidhiyo vanotaura nyaya dzemhando kuburikidza neFast Company's lens yakasarudzika.
Kana iwe ukatenga smoothie muPortland, Oregon, chinwiwa chinogona kuuya mukapu yepurasitiki inosanganiswa, sarudzo ingaitwe nemuridzi ane pfungwa kuti mashandiro avo arambe akasimba.Unogona kufunga, nekukasira, kuti uri kubatsira kudzivirira chikamu chedambudziko repasi rose.Asi chirongwa chePortland's composting, semumaguta mazhinji, inorambidza compostable kurongedza kubva kumabhini ayo akasvibira-uye rudzi urwu rwepurasitiki harungaputsi mucompost yekuseri.Kunyangwe ichigoneka nehunyanzvi, chigadziko chinozopedzisira chave mugomba (kana pamwe munyanza), uko ipurasitiki inogona kugara kwenguva yakareba seyakafanana nemafuta efossil.
Ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso wehurongwa hunopa vimbiso inoshamisa yekugadziridza dambudziko redu remarara asi zvakare yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya.Maguta anenge 185 chete anotora marara echikafu panzira yekugadzira manyowa, uye isingasviki hafu yeavo vanogamuchirawo compostable package.Zvimwe zvezviputiriso izvi zvinongokwanisa kugadzirwa necompost neindasitiri yecompost;mamwe macompostist emuindasitiri anoti haazvide, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira dambudziko rekuyedza kugadzirisa mapurasitiki enguva dzose, uye chokwadi chinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti purasitiki inosanganiswa iparare kupfuura maitiro avo emazuva ese.Imwe mhando yezviputi zvinogadzirwa zvine makemikari ane chekuita negomarara.
Sezvo makambani ari kunetsekana kutarisana nedambudziko rekushandisa-kamwe kurongedza, sarudzo dzecompost dziri kuwedzera kuwanda, uye vatengi vanogona kuzviona sekunge greenwashing kana vakaziva kuti kurongedza hakuzombofa kwakagadzirwa compost.Iyo sisitimu, zvakadaro, iri kutanga kushanduka, kusanganisira hutsva hwezvinhu."Aya matambudziko anogadziriswa, kwete matambudziko aripo," anodaro Rhode Yepsen, director director wesangano risingabatsiri reBiodegradable Products Institute.Kana hurongwa huchikwanisa kugadziriswa-sezvakangoita hurongwa hwekudzokorodza hunoda kugadziriswa-inogona kuva chidimbu chimwe chekugadzirisa dambudziko guru rekukura kwemarara.Haisiyo yega mhinduro.Yepsen anoti zvine musoro kutanga nekudzikisira kurongedza uye kuisa pamberi zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswazve, uye wozogadzira chero chasara kuti chidzoke zvakare kana compostable zvichienderana nekushandisa.Asi compostable package inonzwisisika kune chikafu;kana zvese chikafu nechikafu kurongedza zvichigona kuumbwa pamwechete, zvinogonawo kubatsira kuchengetedza chikafu chakawanda kubva mumarara, uko kuri hombe sosi yemethane, gasi rinopisa rinopisa.
Kompositi inomhanyisa kuora kwechisikigo che organic matter-seapuro rakadyiwa nehafu-kuburikidza nemasystem anogadzira mamiriro akakodzera emarara anodya tupukanana.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri nyore semurwi wezvokudya uye tsvina yeyadhi iyo mumwe munhu anoshandura ari kuseri kwemba.Kusanganiswa kwekupisa, kudya, uye oksijeni inofanira kuva yakarurama kuti nzira yacho ishande zvakanaka;Makompositi mabhini nemadhiramu anoita kuti zvinhu zvese zvipise, izvo zvinomhanyisa shanduko yemarara kuita mupfudze wakasviba, unogona kushandiswa mubindu sefotereza.Mamwe mayunitsi akatogadzirwa kuti ashande mukati mekicheni.
Mune composter yemusha kana murwi weseri, michero nemiriwo zvinogona kuputsa nyore nyore.Asi bhini rekuseri kwemba rinogona kunge risingapise zvekupwanya purasitiki inosanganiswa, sebhokisi rekutora bioplastic kana forogo yakagadzirwa nePLA (polylactic acid), chinhu chinogadzirwa kubva muchibage, nzimbe, kana zvimwe zvirimwa.Inoda musanganiswa wakakodzera wekupisa, tembiricha, uye nguva-chimwe chinhu chingangoitika muindasitiri yecomposting nzvimbo, uye kunyangwe zvakadaro mune dzimwe nguva.Frederik Wurm, nyanzvi yekemisitiri paMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, akadana mashanga ePLA “muenzaniso wakakwana wekugezwa kwegirinhi,” nekuti kana akaperera mugungwa, haaparadze.
Mazhinji masesiparati ecomposting nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa kuti dzitore tsvina yeyadhi semashizha nemapazi, kwete chikafu.Kunyangwe iye zvino, pazvivakwa zve4,700 zvinotora tsvina yakasvibirira, 3% chete inotora chikafu.San Francisco raive rimwe guta rakatanga kugamuchira zano, kuyedza kuunganidzwa kwemarara echikafu muna 1996 uye kutanga guta iro rose muna 2002. (Seattle akatevera muna 2004, uye pakupedzisira mamwe maguta mazhinji akaitawo; Boston nderimwe reazvino, riine mutyairi wendege. kutanga gore rino.) Muna 2009, San Francisco rakava guta rekutanga muU.S. kuita kuti zviraswa zvechikafu zvigadzirwe, zvichitumira marori emarara echikafu kunzvimbo yakafararira muCalifornia's Central Valley, uko yakagadzikwa uye yakaiswa mumirwi mikuru, ine mweya.Sezvo tupukanana tuchitsenga muchikafu, mirwi inodziya kusvika pakupisa se170 degrees.Mushure memwedzi, zvinhu zvinowaridzwa kune imwe nzvimbo, uko zvinotenderedzwa nemuchina zuva nezuva.Mushure memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika zana nemakumi matatu, inenge yagadzirira kuongororwa uye kutengeswa kuvarimi secompost.Recology, kambani inotungamira nzvimbo iyi, inoti kudiwa kwechigadzirwa kwakasimba, kunyanya sezvo California ichimbundira kuparadzira manyowa mumapurazi senzira yekubatsira ivhu kusveta kabhoni kubva mumhepo kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Kune tsvina yezvokudya, inoshanda zvakanaka.Asi compostable packaging inogona kunyanya kunetsa kunyangwe kune nzvimbo yehukuru ihwohwo.Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutora mwedzi mitanhatu kuti zviputse, uye mutauriri weRecology anoti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa kumagumo uye kumhanyisa maitiro kechipiri.Mimwe midziyo yakawanda inoiswa compost yakatariswa kwekutanga, nekuti inoita senge mapurasitiki enguva dzose, uye inotumirwa kunoraswa.Zvimwe zvivako zvekugadzira manyowa zvinoshanda nekukasira, zvichivavarira kugadzira manyowa kuti utengese sezvinobvira, havadi kumirira mwedzi kuti forogo iparare uye havaibvume zvachose.
Mazhinji chip mabhegi anopedzisira apinda mumarara, sezvo akagadzirwa neakawanda akaturikidzana ezvigadzirwa zvisingagone kudzokororwa zvakare.Bhegi idzva resnack mukuvandudzwa ikozvino kubva kuPepsiCo uye kambani yekurongedza Danimer Sayenzi yakasiyana: Yakagadzirwa kubva kune chitsva chinhu chinonzi PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) icho Danimer achatanga kubudisa kutengeswa gare gare gore rino, bhegi rakagadzirirwa kuputsika nyore nyore kuti rigone. inoumbwa mucompost yekuseri kwemba, uye inotoputsika mumvura inotonhora yemugungwa, ichisiya pasina purasitiki kumashure.
Iri padanho rekutanga, asi inhanho yakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.Sezvo midziyo yePLA yakajairwa iye zvino isingagone kuiswa mucompost kumba, uye maindasitiri ecompost asingadi kushanda nezvinhu, PHA inopa imwe nzira.Kana ikapera munzvimbo yekugadzira manyowa, inodonha nekukurumidza, ichibatsira kugadzirisa rimwe rematambudziko emabhizinesi iwayo."Paunotora [PLA] kuita composter chaiyo, vanoda kushandura izvo zvinhu nekukurumidza," anodaro Stephen Croskrey, CEO waDanimer.“Nekuti kukurumidza kwavanogona kuishandura, ndipo pavanoita mari yakawanda.Nyaya yacho inoputsika mucompost yavo.Ivo havangodi kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kupfuura yavanoda kuti itore. "
PHA, iyo inogona zvakare kushandurwa kuita akasiyana epurasitiki zvigadzirwa, inogadzirwa zvakasiyana."Tinotora mafuta emuriwo uye tinoapa mabhakitiriya," anodaro Croskrey.Bhakitiriya inogadzira plastiki zvakananga, uye kuumbwa kunoreva kuti mabhakitiriya anoiputsa zvakare nyore nyore kupfuura nguva dzose yepurasitiki-based plastic."Nei ichishanda zvakanaka mukugadzirisa biodegradation imhaka yekuti inzvimbo inofarirwa yekudya kwebhakitiriya.Saka ukangorifumura kumabhakitiriya, vanobva vatanga kuribata, uye rinobva raenda.(Pasherufu yesupamaketi kana rori inotakura zvinhu, uko mabhakitiriya mashoma aripo, kurongedza kunenge kwakanyatsogadzikana.) Miedzo yakasimbisa kuti inotoputsika mumvura inotonhora yemugungwa.
Kupa mukana wekuti pasuru yacho iite compost kumba kunogona kubatsira kuzadza gap kune vanhu vasingakwanise kuita composting panzira."Kunyanya kwatinogona kubvisa zvipingamupinyi kubva kune vatengi kuti vabatanidzwe mumhando yekugadzira manyowa kana kudzokorodza, zviri nani," anodaro Simon Lowden, mutungamiri uye mukuru wekushambadzira wezvekudya zvepasi rose kuPepsiCo, anotungamira chirongwa chekambani yemapurasitiki.Kambani iri kushanda pamhinduro dzakawanda dzezvigadzirwa nemisika dzakasiyana, kusanganisira bhegi rinodzokororwa rakazara chip iro richakurumidza kuuya kumusika.Asi bhegi rebiodegradable rinogona kuita zvine musoro munzvimbo dzine kugona kuripwanya.Bhegi idzva richauya kumusika muna 2021. (Nestlé inorongawo kushandisa zvinhu kugadzira mabhodhoro emvura epurasitiki, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichipikisa kuti compostable packaging inofanira kushandiswa chete kune zvigadzirwa zvisingakwanisi kushandiswa zvakare kana kushandiswa zvakare.) PepsiCo inovavarira kuita kuti zvese zvaro zvekurongedza zvishandiswezve, compostable, kana biodegradable panosvika 2025 kubatsira nezvinangwa zvayo zvemamiriro ekunze.
Kana iyo midziyo isina kuumbwa uye yakaraswa netsaona, inongonyangarika."Kana chigadzirwa chemafuta kana kuti chinosanganiswa neindasitiri chikapinda murukova kana chimwe chinhu chikazoguma chave mugungwa, chiri kungotenderera nekusingaperi," anodaro Croskrey."Chigadzirwa chedu, kana chikaraswa semarara, chinoenda."Nekuti inogadzirwa kubva kumafuta emuriwo kwete mafossil mafuta, ine zvakare yakaderera kabhoni tsoka.Pepsi anofungidzira kuti kurongedza kuchave ne40-50% yakaderera kabhoni tsoka pane yayo yazvino inochinjika kurongedza.
Zvimwe zvitsva muzvinhu zvinogonawo kubatsira.Loliware, iyo inogadzira mashanga kubva mugungwa-based material, yakagadzira mashanga kuti ave "hyper-compostable" (uye kunyange anodyiwa).Scotland-yakavakirwa CuanTec inogadzira purasitiki yekuputira kubva kumatehwe ehove-iyo imwe supermarket yeUK inoronga kushandisa kuputira hove-inogona kuiswa mupfudze kuseri kwemba.Cambridge Crops inogadzira inodyika, isingarapike, inogadzika (uye compostable) yekudzivirira yekudya iyo inogona kubatsira kubvisa kudiwa kwekuputira epurasitiki.
Pakutanga gore rino, imwe nzvimbo hombe yekugadzira manyowa muOregon yakazivisa kuti, mushure memakore gumi ekugamuchira compostable package, haichadaro.Dambudziko guru, vanodaro, nderekuti zvakanyanya kunetsa kuziva kana pasuru ichinyatso compostable."Kana ukaona kapu yakachena, hauzive kana yakagadzirwa nePLA kana purasitiki yakajairika," anodaro Jack Hoeck, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wekambani iyi, inonzi Rexius.Kana tsvina yakasvibirira ichiuya kubva muresitorendi kana kumba, vatengi vanogona kunge vakadonhedza pasuru mubhini risiri iro — kana kuti vangasanzwisisa zvakafanira kusanganisa, sezvo mitemo ichigona kuve byzantine uye ichisiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemaguta.Vamwe vatengi vanofunga kuti "marara echikafu" zvinoreva chero chinhu chine chekuita nechikafu, kusanganisira kurongedza, anodaro Hoeck.Iyo kambani yakasarudza kutora mutsara wakaoma uye kungogamuchira chikafu, kunyangwe yaigona nyore compost zvinhu senge napkins.Kunyangwe kana zvivakwa zvecompost zvichirambidza kurongedza, ivo vachiri kufanira kupedza nguva vachizvirongedza kubva mukuora chikafu."Tine vanhu vatinobhadhara chidimbu-reti uye vanofanirwa kuzvitora nemaoko," anodaro Pierce Louis, anoshanda kuDirthugger, nzvimbo yekugadzira manyowa."Zvinosemesa uye zvinosemesa uye zvinotyisa."
Kukurukurirana kuri nani kunogona kubatsira.Washington State ndiyo yaive yekutanga kutora mutemo mutsva unotaura kuti compostable packaging inofanirwa kuonekwa zviri nyore uye zviri nyore kuburikidza nemabhii nemaka semitsetse yegirinhi."Pane nhoroondo, pane zvigadzirwa zvaive zvichipihwa zvitupa uye zvichitengeswa secompostable asi chigadzirwa chinogona kunge chisina kudhindwa," anodaro Yepsen."Izvo zvichave zvisiri pamutemo muHurumende yeWashington....Iwe unofanirwa kutaurirana kuti compostability. "
Vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa maumbirwo akasiyana kuratidza compostability."Takaunza iyo teardrop cutout shape mumabatiro emidziyo yedu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune nzvimbo dzekugadzira manyowa kuziva chimiro chedu chinoreva compost," anodaro Aseem Das, muvambi uye CEO weWorld Centric, imwe kambani yecompostable package.Anoti pachine matambudziko — mutsara wegirini haunetsi kudhinda mukapu, asi unonetsa kudhinda pazvivharo kana mapakeji eclamshell (mamwe akanyorwa zvino, izvo zvinonetsa kuti zvionekwe).Sezvo indasitiri inowana nzira dziri nani dzekumaka mapakeji, maguta nemaresitorendi anozofanirwawo kutsvaga nzira dziri nani dzekuita kuti vatengi vazive zvinogona kuenda mubhini rega rega munharaunda.
Iyo yakaumbwa fiber mbiya dzinoshandiswa nemaresitorendi seSweetgreen dzinosanganiswa-asi izvozvi, dzinewo makemikari anonzi PFAS (per- uye polyfluoroalkyl zvinhu), iwo akafanana-akabatana negomarara makomisheni anoshandiswa mune imwe nonstick cookware.Kana katoni yakagadzirwa nePFAS ikaumbwa, PFAS inozoguma yave mucompost, yozopedzisira yave muchikafu chakarimwa necompost iyoyo;makemikari anogonawo kuendesa kuchikafu mumudziyo wekutora paunenge uchidya.Mishonga inowedzerwa kune musanganiswa sezvo mbiya dzinogadzirwa kuitira kuti dzive dzinopesana nemafuta uye hunyoro kuitira kuti fiber irege kuwana.Muna 2017, iyo Biodegradable Products Institute, iyo inoedza uye inosimbisa kurongedza kwe compostability, yakazivisa kuti yaizomira certification yekurongedza iyo nemaune yakawedzera kemikari kana kuve nekutarisa pane yakaderera mwero;chero parizvino certified packaging yaizofanira kubvisa kushandiswa kwePFAS mugore rino.San Francisco ine kurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudya-sevhisi uye midziyo yakagadzirwa nePFAS, ichatanga kushanda muna 2020.
Mamwe mapepa akatetepa ekutora mabhokisi anoshandisawo coating.Gore rakapera, mushure mekunge mumwe mushumo wawana makemikari mumapasuru mazhinji, Whole Foods yakazivisa kuti yaizowana imwe nzira yemabhokisi ari pasalad bar yayo.Pandakapedzisira kushanya, bhaa resalad rakanga rakazara nemabhokisi emhando inonzi Fold-Pak.Mugadziri wacho akataura kuti anoshandisa chibatiso chemuridzi chinodzivirira makemikari efluorinated, asi yaisazopa ruzivo.Mamwe mamwe mapakeji anogadzirwa, akadai semabhokisi akagadzirwa kubva mucompostable plastic, haana kugadzirwa nemakemikari.Asi kune fiber yakaumbwa, kutsvaga imwe nzira kunonetsa.
"Maindasitiri emakemikari uye ezvekudya haana kukwanisa kuuya neimwe nzira yakavimbika inogona kuwedzerwa kune slurry," anodaro Das."Sarudzo ndedzekupfapfaidza coating kana laminate chigadzirwa nePLA senge post-process.Tiri kushanda pakutsvaga machira anogona kushanda kuti ape girizi kuramba.PLA lamination iripo asi inowedzera mutengo ne70-80%.Inzvimbo inoda humwe hutsva.
Kambani inogadzira zvinhu zvinorongedzerwa nenzimbe yeZume inoti inokwanisa kutengesa mapeche asina kuvharwa kana vatengi vakaakumbira;kana ichipfeka mapakeji, inoshandisa imwe fomu yePFAS makemikari anofungidzirwa kuti akachengeteka.Iri kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga dzimwe mhinduro."Tinoona uyu semukana wekufambisa hunyanzvi munzvimbo yekurongedza uye kufambira mberi indasitiri," anodaro Keely Wachs, mukuru wezvekuenderera mberi kuZume."Tinoziva kuti compostable molded fiber chikamu chakakosha mukugadzira chikafu chakasimba, uye saka tiri kushanda nevadyidzani kugadzira dzimwe mhinduro kune pfupi-cheni PFAS.Tine tarisiro sezvo paine hunyanzvi hunoshamisa huri kuitika mune zvesainzi, biotechnology, nekugadzira. "
Kune zvigadzirwa zvisingakwanisi kuumbwa kuseri kwemba-uye kune ani zvake asina yadhi kana nguva yekuzviputira ivo pachavo-zvirongwa zvekugadzira composting zvemaguta zvichafanirawo kuwedzera kune compostable packaging kuti zvive nemusoro.Parizvino, Chipotle inoshandisa burrito mbiya mucompostable packaging pamaresitorendi ayo ese;20% chete yemaresitorendi ayo ane chirongwa chekugadzira manyowa, inoganhurwa nezvirongwa zveguta zviripo.Imwe nhanho yekutanga kutsvaga nzira yekuti macomposts emuindasitiri ade kutora kurongedza - kungave kuri kugadzirisa dambudziko renguva iyo inotora kurongedza kuputsa kana zvimwe zvinhu, sekuti mapurazi eorganic parizvino anoda kutenga compost yakagadzirwa. kubva pakudya."Unogona kutanga kutaura nezvazvo, chaizvo, chii chaungafanira kushandura mubhizinesi rako modhi kuti ukwanise kubudirira compost compostable zvigadzirwa?"anodaro Yepsen.
Zvivakwa zvakasimba zvichatora mari yakawanda, uye mitemo mitsva, anodaro.Kana maguta achipfuura mabhiri anoda kubvisa kunze-yekushandisa epurasitiki-uye kubvumira kusarudzika kana kurongedza kuchigoneka-vachafanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti vane nzira yekuunganidza iwo mapakeji uye kunyatso compost iwo.Chicago, semuenzaniso, nguva pfupi yadarika yakafunga bhiri rekurambidza zvimwe zvigadzirwa uye inoda kuti zvimwe zvigadziriswe zvakare kana compostable."Ivo havana chirongwa chakasimba chekugadzira manyowa," Yepsen anodaro."Saka isu tinoda kuve munzvimbo yekusvika kuChicago takagadzirira kana zvinhu zvakadai zvouya zvoti, hee, isu tinotsigira chirongwa chako chekuve nezvinhu zvinosanganiswa, asi heino bhiri rekuperekedza iwe raunoda chaizvo kuve nehurongwa hwaro. composting infrastructure.Zvikasadaro, hazvina musoro kuda kuti mabhizinesi ave nezvinhu zvinogadzirwa necompost.”
Adele Peters munyori wevashandi kuFast Company anotarisa pane mhinduro kune mamwe matambudziko makuru epasirese, kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kusvika pakushaiwa pekugara.Pakutanga, akashanda neGOOD, BioLite, uye Sustainable Products and Solutions chirongwa kuUC Berkeley, uye akapa chikamu chechipiri chebhuku rinotengeswa zvakanyanya "Worldchanging: A User's Guide for the 21st Century."
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-19-2019